Using the same element (in this case carbon), different arrangements can result in wholly different structures known as allotropes. From Wikipedia:
For example, carbon has 3 common allotropes: diamond, where the carbon atoms are bonded together in a tetrahedral lattice arrangement, graphite, where the carbon atoms are bonded together in sheets of a hexagonal lattice, and fullerenes, where the carbon atoms are bonded together in spherical, tubular, or ellipsoidal formations.
I love the permutations and simplicity and am imagining an art practice that restricts itself chemically. It would be known as “Atomic Minimalism” and artists would restrict themselves to single elements, varying only their structure.